Advanced
Concurrency (threading, multiprocessing, asyncio), metaclasses, descriptors, context managers, ABCs, design patterns, itertools, and performance.
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Concurrency
Threading and the GIL
Thread-based concurrency, synchronisation primitives, and what the Global Interpreter Lock really means.
Multiprocessing
Bypass the GIL with separate processes, Process pools, shared memory, and inter-process communication.
Asyncio Async/Await Deep Dive
Event loops, coroutines, Tasks, gather, timeouts, and building real async pipelines.
Metaprogramming
Metaclasses
Understand how Python creates classes at runtime, write custom metaclasses, and use __init_subclass__ for lightweight hooks.
Descriptors
The descriptor protocol: __get__, __set__, __delete__ how property, classmethod, and staticmethod are implemented under the hood.
Context Managers
__enter__ / __exit__, contextlib.contextmanager, ExitStack reliable resource management and teardown.
Advanced Patterns
Abstract Base Classes
abc.ABC, @abstractmethod, virtual subclasses, and using ABCs for interface enforcement.
Design Patterns in Python
Pythonic implementations of Singleton, Factory, Observer, Strategy, and Command patterns.
itertools & functools
Master the standard library's power tools: chain, product, groupby, lru_cache, partial, reduce, and more.
Memory Management & Performance
__slots__, generators for memory efficiency, cProfile, timeit, and practical optimisation techniques.